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Core Content and Skills
Science 7
2007-2008
BOE Approved

Classification  Content   Skills  Kingdoms Classes Phylums Families Genera Orders Species   Identify proper classification hierarchy   Monera Fungi Protista Animalia Plantae   Identify 5 major kingdoms Classify given organisms into kingdoms Identify characteristics of each kingdom Classify organisms via photographs   Linneaus Aristotle   Define specific vocabulary associated with classification Create a simple dichotomous key Use a dichotomous key   Binomial nomenclature Scientific names   Properly write scientific names Describe why Latin is the language of scientists     Living vs. Nonliving  Content   Skills  Characteristics of living things Organisms (definition and examples) Stimluli and adaptation Spallanzani Redi Pasteur Oparin Spontaneous generation Biogenesis   Compare characteristics of living things to characteristics of non-living things Identify various objects as living or non-living Identify and explain the characteristics of living organisms Explain the experiments of Redi, Pasteur, Spallanzani, and Oparin Explain why spontaneous generation was disproved Describe biogenesis and its validity Explain key theories about the origin of life

The Cell  Content   Skills  Scientists contributing to cell theory Cell (definition) Animal cell organelles (nucleus, nucleolus, cytoplasm, smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum, golgi body, ribosomes, lysosomes, vacuoles, mitochondria, centrioles ) Plant cell organelles (nucleus, nucleolus, cytoplasm, smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum, golgi body, ribosomes, lysosomes, vacuoles, mitochondria, chloroplasts) Specific organelle functions Parts of a microscope Microscope functions   Explain Schwann, Schleiden, and Virchow's contributions Compare and contrast plant and animal cells Identify and label various diagrams of basic plant and animal cells Describe functions of specific organelles How to use properly the microscope (carry, adjust, focus, diaphragm use) Prepare wet mount and dry mount Observe and identify cellular organelles under the microscope

Mitosis and Meiosis  Content   Skills  Interphase Nuclear division Haploid vs. diploid Cytokinesis Mitotic prophase Mitotic metaphase Mitotic anaphase Mitotic telophase Meiotic prophases Meiotic metaphases Meiotic anaphases Meiotic telophases Gametes Cellular structures in mitosis and meiosis   Identify diagrams of mitotic and meiotic phases Explain nuclear division vs. cellular division Explain events in mitotic prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase Explain events in meiotic prophases, metaphases, anaphase, and telophases Differentiate between meiosis I and meiosis II Compare and contrast mitosis and meiosis

Genetics and Heredity  Content   Skills  Mendel and his experiments Genes and alleles Dominant and recessive Codominance and incomplete dominance Punnett squares Monohybrid crosses Dihybrid crosses- what are they? Sex-linkage   Determine genotype(s) based on phenotype Draw Punnett Square from monohybrid cross Draw Punnett Square involving sex-linked trait Compute probability of genetic outcomes Analyze Punnett Squares from monohybrid cross Analyze Punnett Square from sex-linked monohybrid cross Distinguish between dominant and recessive; comprehend difference between "dominant" trait versus "commonly occurring" trait

Genetics and Heredity  Content   Skills  Genetic disorders (Tay-Sachs, hemophilia, phenylketonuria, achondroplasia, cystic fibrosis, Klinefelter's Syndrome, Down's Syndrome, Turner's Syndrome, maple syrup urine disease, Duchenne's muscular dystrophy) Human Genome Project Genetic engineering   Research a specific genetic disorder Sort gathered research Assign group work and divide tasks for group project Prepare oral presentation Answer spontaneous questions from peer group (as audience) Assess each other's contributions to a group endeavor Manage time for a extended group project Comprehend financial impact of medical treatments, as well as the role of medical insurance "Teach" classmates about a researched topic (genetic disorder)

Evolution  Content   Skills  Evolution, defined Darwin: who was he; what did he do; Why are his contributions important? Lamarck and inheritance of acquired traits Selection: natural, artificial, sexual, kin Stephen Jay Gould and Niles Eldredge Gradualism Punctuated equilibrium Fitness Viable offspring DNA mutations Substitution mutation Deletion mutation Insertion mutation Nitrogen bases (adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine) Amino acid sequences Proteins Species: biological definition   Describe sources of variation in organisms and their structures and relate the variations to survival Describe factors responsible for competition within species and the significance of that competition Explain how new species arise Identify and explain faults and misconceptions with various theories of why change over time occurs

Ecology  Content   Skills  Levels of ecological organization Biosphere Ecosystem Community Population Species Biotic Abiotic Biomes Taiga Tundra Temperate deciduous forest Rainforest Savanna Grasslands Desert Chaparral Producer Consumer (1st, 2nd, 3rd level) Food web Energy pyramid Herbivore Omnivore Carnivore Decomposer Mimicry Camouflage Scavenger Food chain   Describe the flow of energy and matter through food chains and food webs Describe how plants and animals, including humans, depend upon each other and the nonliving environment Describe the various roles that organisms can have within their environment Explain how environmental conditions affect the types of organisms in an environment Describe the various biotic and abiotic features specific to each of the world's major biomes Identify and describe defense mechanisms and adaptations of organisms

Human Body Systems  Content   Skills  Cell Tissue Organ System Immune system Digestive system Circulatory system Respiratory system Reproductive system Endocrine system Nervous system Excretory system Musculoskeletal system Integumentary system   Describe the different body systems in humans Explain how the various body systems interact with one another Describe the hierarchy of organization in the human body Explain ways that homeostasis is maintained in the body

Human Body Systems  Content   Skills  oral cavity esophagus stomach small intestine large intestine rectum anus saliva salivary amylase villi pancreas liver gall bladder constipation diarrhea E.coli bacteria feces gland target organ ducts anterior pituitary posterior pituitary pineal thyroid parathyroid ovaries testes adrenal medulla adrenal cortex hormones negative feedback insulin glucagon adrenaline/epinephrine noradrenaline/norepinephrine testosterone estrogen progesterone sperm ovum scrotum epididymis vas deferens urethra vulva vagina uterus Fallopian tubes ovary labia majora labia minora clitoris heart pericardium aorta bicuspid valve tricuspid valve veins capillaries venuoles arterioles arteries pulmonary circulation systemic circulation white blood cells red blood cells platelets hemoglobin oxygenation deoxygenation bile enzymes absorption melatonin   Explain the role of sperm and egg cells in sexual reproduction Describe the importance of major nutrients, vitamins, and minerals in maintaining health and promoting growth Explain the need for a constant input of energy for living organisms Describe how various conditions and diseases of the digestive system affect the body's ability to maintain itself Explain the role of hormones in the body Describe the events leading from the fertilization of an ovum to the birth of a child Articulate the mechanism behind negative feedback Describe how nutrients, hormones, gases, and other essential components are delivered to various parts of the body Explain how the structures within the male and female reproductive systems contribute to the continuation of life

Human Body Systems  Content   Skills  peripheral nervous system central nervous system neurons synapses dendrites neurotransmitter muscles tendons ligaments bones kidneys urethra bladder